General Information

  • ID:  hor001965
  • Uniprot ID:  P01275
  • Protein name:  Glucagon-like peptide 1
  • Gene name:  GCG
  • Organism:  Homo sapiens (Human)
  • Family:  Glucagon family
  • Source:  Human
  • Expression:  [Glucagon]: Release is stimulated by hypoglycemia and inhibited by hyperglycemia, insulin, and somatostatin. |[Glucagon]: Secreted in the A cells of the islets of Langerhans. [Glucagon-like peptide 2]: Secreted from enteroendocrine cells throughout the ga
  • Disease:  Diseases associated with GCG include Dumping Syndrome and Hyperglycemia.
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0005102 signaling receptor binding; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0031769 glucagon receptor binding; GO:0042802 identical protein binding; GO:0048018 receptor ligand activity
  • GO BP:  GO:0006094 gluconeogenesis; GO:0007186 G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007188 adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007189 adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; GO:0007631 feeding behavior; GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling; GO:0010800 positive regulation of peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation; GO:0014823 response to activity; GO:0033138 positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation; GO:0035774 positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus; GO:0042593 glucose homeostasis; GO:0043066 negative regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0045722 positive regulation of gluconeogenesis; GO:0050796 regulation of insulin secretion; GO:0050896 response to stimulus; GO:0051571 obsolete positive regulation of histone H3-K4 methylation; GO:0070374 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade; GO:0071377 cellular response to glucagon stimulus; GO:0090280 positive regulation of calcium ion import; GO:1900118 negative regulation of execution phase of apoptosis
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0005737 cytoplasm; GO:0005788 endoplasmic reticulum lumen; GO:0005886 plasma membrane; GO:0034774 secretory granule lumen

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  HDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRG
  • Length:  37
  • Propeptide:  MKSIYFVAGLFVMLVQGSWQRSLQDTEEKSRSFSASQADPLSDPDQMNEDKRHSQGTFTSDYSKYLDSRRAQDFVQWLMNTKRNRNNIAKRHDEFERHAEGTFTSDVSSYLEGQAAKEFIAWLVKGRGRRDFPEEVAIVEELGRRHADGSFSDEMNTILDNLAARDFINWLIQTKITDRK
  • Signal peptide:  MKSIYFVAGLFVMLVQGSWQ
  • Modification:  T14 Phosphoserine;T17 Phosphoserine;T36 Arginine amide
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  GLP-1 is a potent stimulator of glucose-dependent insulin release. Plays important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Has growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis.
  • Mechanism:  GLP-1 like insulin stimulates glucose uptake in myocytes and this involves activation of PI3K/PKB p44/42 MAPKs partially p70s6k and possibly PKC.
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  GCGR
  • Target Unid:  P47871
  • IC50: NA
  • EC50: NA
  • ED50: NA
  • kd: NA
  • Half life: <5 minutes; /300 seconds ( PubMed ID: 17283237 )

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P01275-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor001965_AF2.pdbhor001965_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 481184 Formula: C186H275N51O59
Absent amino acids: CMNP Common amino acids: E
pI: 4.83 Basic residues: 6
Polar residues: 10 Hydrophobic residues: 13
Hydrophobicity: -61.35 Boman Index: -7766
Half-Life: 3.5 hour Half-Life Yeast: 10 min
Half-Life E.Coli: >10 hour Aliphatic Index 58.11
Instability Index: 1914.86 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 6990
Absorbance 280nm: 194.17

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  15664668##17283237
  • Title:  Effect of GLP-1 on glucose transport and its cell signalling in human myocytes.